Harmonics of Strings

The lowest natural frequency (n=1) is called the fundamental frequency or first harmonic. The higher frequencies (n>1) are called the harmonics n=2, second harmonic, n=3, third harmonic, n=4, fourth harmonic, so on. In the animations shown here, the string vibrates in its first (fundamental), second, third, or fourth harmonic. You can also see a demonstration video of these harmonics by clicking the Demo button. Strings fixed at each end are found on musical instruments. When these strings are plucked, strummed, or bowed, they vibrate at their fundamental frequency and at higher harmonics. This combination gives a particular instrument its unique sound.